Manufacture of rectangular restricted opening sheet metal receptacles



Aug. 22, 1944. H o D 2,356,457

' MANUFACTURE OF RECTANGULAR RESTRICTED OPENING SHEET METAL RECEPTACLESI Filed Feb. 13, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet l r/Ofillfif 621mm E EW- Aug. 22,1944. f GONDA 2,356,457

MANUFACTURE OF RECTANGULAR RESTRICTED OPENING SHEET METALI'RECEPTACLESFiled Feb. 13, 1-941 3 Sheets$heet 2 Jo/mH oizda J. H; I v V MANUFACTURE'OF RECTANGULAR RESTRICTED OPENING SHEET METAL REEEPTAGLES 3 heets-Sheet3 Patented Aug. 22, 1944 MANUFACTURE OF RECTANGULAR RE- s'mrc'repOPENING sneer ,METALY- RECEPTACLES John H. Gonda, Salem, Ohio, assignorto Mullins 7 -Manufacturing Corporation, Salem, Ohio, a corporation ofNew York Application February 13, 1941, Serial No. 378,751 8Claims. (01.113-120) The invention relates to the stampingdrawing, and working ofsheet metal articles such as sheet metal receptacles. More particularly,the" invention relates to a method of forming a generally rectangular orsquare, relatively deep container or receptacle, preferably havingrounded comers at the corners of the rectangle or square and havingintegral bottom, side and vroundedcorner walls terminating in anintegral, preferably rounded inturned flange forming a restrictedopening at the upper or open'end of the side and corner walls, bystamping, drawing, shaping and treating operations from a single pieceor blank vof sheet or plate metal; and furthermore, the

invention relates to the described one-piece sheet metal products. p

Such receptacles may be used for many purposes, and particularly as tubsfor power driven washing machines. Restricted opening square tubs forwashing machines have been particularly desired by certain users.Heretofore, such tubs have been made of aluminum cast in one Manyproblems have been involved in making:

a-similar round sheet metal receptacle with. a

bullet-noseor'bottle-neck in which there is an inturned flangeat' thetop edge thereof, as shown piece free from any seams or welds or cuttingor slitting; and the cost oi the same has been materially in excess ofthe cost of a similar article if it could be formed of sheet steel.

However, it has always been believed that it would be impossibleto'iiiake a rectangular or square restricted opening tub with anintegral bottom wall from a single piece or blankor sheet' metal freeof'slitting, 'cuttingfnotching, seams or welds.

Difficult drawing operations are involved in the manufacture or suchreceptacles, per se, because the same are relatively deep, and are drawnor formed from a single piece orhblank of metal. When it is attempted tothen-form c. continuous inturnedflange at the upper open end of thegenerally rectangular or square tub, which :may for example havedimensions in a square tub of some '16 or more inches deep, some 27 ormore inches across corners, and s0me'22 or more inchesacross -thoughcomposed of-ductile material, have al- Thus, a large ready beensubjected to most severe deep drawing operations in forming thedeepgenerally rectangular or square receptacle from a single metal blank.

in the French et al. Patent No. 2,131,027. However, entirelydlflerent-problems are encountered when it is attempted tofmake agenerally rectangular or square receptacle with a continuousinturnedflange at the top thereof, 'b ecause of the shape desired. I

Moreover, such receptacles when used as tubs for washing machinesandformed .of sheet steel, areusually covered with a vitreous enamelcoating, and it has been believed by someusers that a proper, orsatisfactory, or uniform vitreous enamel coating. could not be appliedsatisfactorily to a drawn sheet steel article for use as a washingmachine'tub, unless the article is free of cutting, slitting, seams orwelds. I

,As previously pointed out, it has been believed a in the past that itwould be impossible to produce a restricted opening, generallyrectangular or square sheet metal receptacle free oi slittin cut- Jting, .seams'or welds, and for these'reaso'ns there.

is no prior art or prior practice known to me indicating how themanufacture oi such a receptacle may be accomplished by whatever meansemployed. a r

Itv is therefore a principal object of the present inv'ention'to providea newmethod of forming a substantially rectangular or square restrictedopeningreceptacle with an integral bottom wall from a single sheet orblank offeheet or plate metal, preferably fromsheet steel.

Furthermore, it is an objector thepresent invention to provide a methodoi forming acontinuous inturned, flange free of cutting, slitting, seams.or welds at the upper open end ofa substantially rectangular or squarereceptacle hav- 7 ing rounded ,corneraso as to provide a restrictedopening for such receptacle."

Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new,substantially rectangular or square sheet metal "receptacle havingrounded corners, an integral bottom wall, and an in-. turnedintegralflange at the upper open end thereof, alliree of slitting, cutting,seams or welds. I I, f Also, it is an object of the present inventionsired shape for the restricted opening for such receptacle.

Likewise, it is an object of the present inven tion to provide a new,substantially rectangular or square sheet metal receptacle havingrounded corners, an integral bottom wall, an inturned integralrestricted opening flange at the upper open end, and. an upturned,downturned, sinuous or other formed shape in said inturned flange, allfree of slitting, cutting, seams or welds.

Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vitreousenamel coated, generally rectangular or square,sheet metal receptaclehaving integral sheet metal bottom, side and rounded corner wallsterminating in an in-.

tegral inturned or inturned and shaped flange 1 heat treatingoperations,'which maybe quickly and readily performed without wastingany substantial amount of materiaL And finally, it is an object of thepresent invention to provide'an improved method of making arestrictedopening shape in closed bottom receptacles of different sizesand heights deep drawn integrally from single metal blanks,'whichsatisfy the desiderata described above, and which maybe carried out inan inexpensive manner with a minimum of operations, cost and wasteturned flange at the upper edge of the flat side and rounded cornerwalls of the shell; pressing, drawing, forming, bending, shaping andcurling the inner free edge of said continuous inturned flange to form acontinuous downturned flanged extremity thereat; pressing the shell tosquare, true and size the same for producing a finished generallyrectangular or square restricted opening receptacle, freeof cutting,slitting, notching, patching, seams or welds; and then providing avitreous enamel coatin on the surfaces of the receptacle if desired.

The nature of the improved product may be stated in general termsasincluding an integral,

one-piece sheet metal receptacle having a bottom wall, preferablyslightly crowned substantially flat side walls with connecting roundedcorner walls extending integrally upwardly from said bottom wall to.provide a generally rectangular or square shape in cross section, and acontinuous inturned flange at the upper ends of said flat side androunded corner walls forming a restricted opening for said substantiallyrectangular or square receptacle; said receptacle walls and inturnedrestricted opening flange being free of slitting, cutting, notching,patching, seams or welds. V a

By way of example, an embodiment of the improved product in the form ofa generally for producing the improved restricted opening sheet metalreceptacles disclosed herein.

.The foregoing and other objects are "obtained by the-steps, methods,procedures, processes and products which comprise the present invention,

the nature of which is set'forth in the following ,general statements,preferred embodiments of which are set forth in the followingdescription,

, and which are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set' forthin the appended claims formin part hereof.

vThe nature of the improved? method of the present invention may bestated in general terms as preferably including among others, the stepsof forminga closed bottom, generally rectangular orsquare receptaclewith rounded corners from a single blank of sheet or plate metal by adeep drawing operation; annealing the deep drawn shell; stretching theflat sidesbetween, but not the rounded corners of, the deep drawn shell,andre-forming the bottom wall of the re ceptacle to the desired shape;punching and piercing the bottom and side walls to provide the desiredopenings and'holes therein; trimming off the outwardly projecting flangeformed during said deep drawing operation; cold working, pressing,drawing, forming, shaping, upsetting and bending the metal at andadjacent the upper edge of the trimmed shell at each corner thereof toprovide 'a rounded inturned flanged area thereat; locally annealing theshell at and adjacent the top' edge and formed inturned corner areasthereof; cold working, pressing, drawing, forming, shaping andbendingthe metal in the shell at'and adjacent the edges above the flatsides thereof and between the formed inturned corner flanged areas toprovide inturned flanged areas extending between the inturned cornerflanged areas; trimming excess metal from the inner free edge 'of thecontinuous insquare restricted opening receptacle, and somewhat'diagrammatic representations of steps of the'improved method, areillustrated in the accompanying drawingsforming part hereof, in whichFigure lis a top plan view of a substantially square shell with roundedcorners drawn by a deep drawing operation from a single sheet metalblank; Fig. 2 is a section taken 'on the line 2-2, Fig. 1.

Fig. dis a view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating a .succeedingoperation-of stretching the flat side walls, but not the corner walls ofthe shell, and re-forming the bottom thereof; I

Fig, 4 is a section taken on theline 4-4, Fig. 3;

Fig.. 4a is a fragmentary plan section of. one of the dies used incarrying out the stretching operation illustrated in Fig. 3;

Fig. 4b is'a section taken on the line lb.4b, Fig.4a;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing a succeeding piercing andpunching operation for providing a central opening and bolt holes in thebottom-wall of the shell; 7 v I Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4showing a succeeding trimmin operation for removing the outtumedflange'from the shell shownin Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 isa top plan view of the shell shown in Fig.;.6, after one topcorner thereof has been reformed to provide an inturned flanged areathereat; a I

Fig. 8 is a section taken on theline 8-8, Fig. 7;

Fig; 9 is a view similar to Fig. 97, but showing the inturned flangedareas formed at all four of the top corners of the shell;:.

Fig. 10 is a View similar to Fig. 9, illustrating 'a succeedingoperationoflocally annealing the the completely trimmed'inturned flange;

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary'section taken'on the line l'l-l|, Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig. 16, showing a succeeding operation offorming or curling the inner edge of the inturnedflange 'toprovide adownturned curl thereat inone corner of the blank;

Fig. 19 is a section taken as on the line lS-IB, Fig. 18, illustrating acompleted downturned curl around the entire inner edge of the inturned'flange;

Fig. 20 is a stricted opening receptacle, free ofslits, cuts, patches,notches, seams or welds, which may be provided in a vitreous enamelcoating if desired; and

M perspective view ofthe completed, 2 deep drawn, one-piece,substantially square, re-

jected to a full annealing operation in a suitable heat treating furnacefor relieving stretcher strains in the following stretching operation inorder to prevent buckling or warping of the substantially fiat surfaces.I 7

In the next operation, the side walls 23 of the-shell are stretchedsomewhat to stiffen and properly'shape the same, although the cornerwalls 24 are not stretched during'this operation.

The operation may be performed in, suitably shaped dies 26 fragmentarilyillustrated in Figs.

4d and 4b, in which the flange holdingpads 21 are relieved at the cornerareas 21a, so that the shell flange 25 is not gripped'at the cornerareas thereof. y

-However, the dies 26 are suitably shaped by a rib and recess formation28 and 28a adjacent each receptacle side wall so as to initially forrnaholdg Figs. 21 and 22 are views similar to a part of Fig. 19 showingmodified shapesapplied to the continuous inturned flange. r Similarnumerals refer to similar lpart throughout the various figures of thedrawings. A succession of steps by which a rectangular receptacle suchas one having a substantially square shape with a restricted opening isformed from a single metal sheet or blank free from seams or'welds, isshown in the drawings; but it is to be understood that the method in itsbroadest aspects is applicable to the formation of various sizes ofrectangular restricted opening receptacles having dimensions orrelationships of dimensions'different from the particular embodimentshown in the drawings. Moreover, the receptacle need not necessarily beused as a washlng machine tub, but a restrictedopening receptacle formedof one-piece with-or without openings or holes in the bottom'or sidesthereof, may

be used for any other desired purpose.

In carrying out the improved method,a suitably shaped blank of sheetmetal is introduced between suitably shaped draw dies, and subjected"therein to a deep drawing operation to form the mg rib 29 in the shellflange 25 for carrying out the operation of stretching the side walls23. The

approximate final desired shape 22a of the bottom wall is preferablyformed in the bottom wall during the side stretching operation bysuitably shaping. the dies so that the bottom is finally formedat thesame time as and' in conjunction with the stretching of the side walls.

If it is desired to provide any openings such as the central opening 30(Fig. 5), and bolt hole openings-3| in the bottom wall 22a of the shell2|, and openings in any of the side walls,'such as theopenings 32and 33(see FigsLl'l, 19 and 20) forusein mounting the receptacleas a tub deepdrawn shell 2|, illustrated in Fig.1, which 7 may. include a bottom'wallsuitably rough-formed to a desired shape indicated at 22, from which"four substantially flat side walls 23 extendup wardlyfjoined by curvedor rounded corner walls 24, which sideand corner walls 23-24 terminatein the outturned shell flange 25. 7

Although the 'side walls 23 have been described as being substantiallyflat, it may be preferable to form them with avery slight outwardcurvature'or convexity for preventing the same from developing anybuckling or warping tendencies and for holding the desired final shape.This slight curvature or convexity is ordinarily not noticeable to theeye, and the structure may therefore be said to have substantially flatside walls.

Moreover, some substantial curvature may be desired at eachof thecorners, and the corner walls 24 are therefore rounded corner walls, sothat the particular structure shown is properly described as beingsubstantially square in shape.

' The deep drawn shell 2! is then preferably sub for a washing machine,or for any other purpose, such openings and holes may be provided by apiercing and punching operation with suitably shaped and operating dies,following theside stretching operation.

In the next operation, the to have the shape shown at 2m in Fig. 6, byremoving the flange 25. .This trimming operation may be performedbyanysuitable means. A usual form of cooperating trimming rollers hasbeen found to work very satisfactorily.

In the next operation, the upperends of the side and comer walls 23 and24 at and adjacent the corners 24 are cold worked, pressed, drawn,formed, shaped, upset and bent'betwe'en suitably shaped dies to providea'rounded inturned flanged area 34 thereat (see Figs. 7, 8 and 9) andthis corner formingoperation is preferably accomplished in a suitablyshaped die," which operates on. one corner at a time in orderto avoidthe necessity of providing complicateddies for forni- 7 ing all fourcorner areas 34 at one time.

'When'the cornei'fiange'd areas;34 are formed,

7 they are'preferably shaped-so as to-provide -a rounded connection 35*(see Fig. 8) between the side and rounded corner walls'23, 24, and theinturnedsubstantially flat flange portion 36 of the corner areas 34. Themetal working operation by which the corner areas 34 are formed, resultsin producing a characteristic inner free edge of the'formed metalcom-prising scallops '31 adjacent the corners, and flaps 38 adjacent theside wallsdue to the severe drawing, forming, shaping, bending,stretching and rearrangement of the metal during the operation.

After this corner formingoperation' has been performed on all fourcorners, the shell has the appearance of the shell 2lbillustratedinFigs. :9,10and11. a V Because of the'sever'ity of-theoperation of forming the flanged areas-14, it is preferable to locallyanneal theupper} endsof the side and corner walls. 23 and 24 of theshell 2), the flanged shell 2 I is trimmed,

areas {and the scallops l1 and flaps l8, and

this may beaccomplished by rotating the shell completed by cold working,pressing, drawing,

forming, shaping, and bending the metal of the shell '2lb andparticularly the flap portions 38 between the formed flange corner areas34 thereof between suitable dies which results in a formed shape such asshown in Figs. 12, 13 and 14.

This forming operation is likewise preferably performed in four steps tosimplify die construction, so; t hat one side flanged area 4| (Fig. 12)is produced at a time at the upper end of one side wall 28. When allfour side flanged areas 4 l have been formed, the shell has the shape ofthe shell 2lc shown in Figs. 13 and 14, in which a substantially flatlnturned flange 42- runs continuously around the upper end of thereceptacle joined by a small curved or rounded portion "to the side andcorner walls 23 and 24. The inner free edge'of thc flange 42 maystill'have a characteristic remaining scallop formation 31a adjacenteach corner. 7

The operations of forming'the corner flanged areas, and the side flangedareas 41 must be carefully carried out because of the severity of theoperations in substantially restricting or reducing the size of theopening, or, in other words, in necking-in the upper end'of the shell,and in bending and rearranging and curving and flattening the -metal,which metal has been severely worked in the initial deep drawingoperation. For these reasons, the dies which perform the step shown forinstance in Fig. '7, work on the metal substantially from the centerline of one side wall to the center line of the side wall around thecorner being formed; and the dies which sulting continuous inturnedflange 42 is subjected to two die operations before the continuousinturned shape is produced. Moreover, any ir-' regularities due togathering or slight'excess of metal accumulates adjacent the corners atthe characteristic scallops 31a. p

In the next operation, the shell 2lc is trimmed to properlysizethe'inturnedflange 42 and'remove the scallops 31a; and this ispreferably accomplished by suitable trimming dies'operating on onecorner of the flange 42 at atime, as shown in Fig. 15. After this flangetrimming operation has been performed, the shell has the shape of thetrimmed shell illustrated at 2ld in Figs.

-16 and 17.

The shell 2|d could be sized and finished at this time, but in manyinstances it is desired that the continuous inturned flange 42 have asomewhat curled shape by terminating ina downturned flange, and this maybe accomplished by pressing,

drawing, forming, bending, shaping andcurling the inner free edge of=thecontinuous inturned flange 42 by suitablyshaped dies to form thecontinuous curled downturned flangedextremity 43 (Fig. 19) at the inneredge of the flange42.

Again, for the purpose of simplifying die construction,' this operationmay be performed in .four steps by working onone corner at "a time,

i as illustrated in Fig. 18, and when completed,

the shell has the shape of the semi-finished receptacle zle illustratedin Fig. 19. a The shell .2 le is then pressed in suitably shaped dies tosquare,rtrue and size the same for producing the finished generallysquare restricted opening receptacle 44, illustrated in Fig. 20, whichis free of cutting, slitting, notching, patching, seams, or welds in allof the metal walls thereof.

If it is desired 44 have 'a vitreous enamel coating thereon, the samemay then be applied thereto in the usual manner.

*The one-piece sheet metal receptacle product '44, illustrated in Fig.20, has a bottom wall 22a,

'and 24 terminate in a. continuous integral inturned flange 42 ,at theirupper ends, which may 'be'further formed in any desired shape, forming asubstantially square'restricted opening receptacle free of slitting,cutting, notching, patching, seams, or welds. j

Q Although in the particular embodimentshown,

, the inturned flange 42 is further formed to prolar curvature shown atis not the only shape that can beformed. Likewise the inturned flange 42maybe made without further formation 0 ;mayqbe angled upwardor'downward. V

Various forms of restricted openingsare known in theart-as bullet-nose,"or bottle-neck, or inverted bottle-neck? or "turtle-neck shapes; and thepresent invention isnot limited to the formation of any particular orspecific shape of the restricted opening at the top of a rectangularreceptacle but is applicable to all forms of re- .strictedopenings. 7

likewise, although a generally square receptacle is shownandspeciflcally described, the present invention is not limited to themanufacture of a square" receptacle but is equally applicable to themanufacture of a rectangular receptacle or a.

multi-sided receptacle suchas a three-sided, or a five-sided, six-sided,etc., receptacle. Therefore, th .termrectangula1" used herein and in theclaims, comprehends'such shapes.

.It is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to theparticular substantially square restricted opening receptacle shown,because it is clear that other rectangular or multiangularrestrictedopening shapes may be made in accordance with the improvedmethod by utilizing dies having the desired shape. Nor is it.

intended to limit the scope of the present in- V vention to a method ofmaking receptaclesused solely as. tubs for washing machines, because'itis clear that other vessels or containers having a square, rectangularor multi-angular shape and a restricted opening may be made inaccordance that the sheet'metal receptacle not meant that the edges ofthe metalare not slit or cut as by the trimmingoperations illuspiercingoperation illustrated in Fig. but that no slits, cuts, seams or weldsare present in the metal of the finished metal walls.

Moreover, it is not intended to limit the invention to the exactsequence of steps set forth in order that the method may besatisfactorily performed, because obviously certain of the steps may becombined, or rearranged in a different order, although in some instancesit is necessary that certain of the steps follow in the sequencedescribed.

For instance, the combined punching and piercing step illustrated inFig. 4.might in certain instances be separated; By using morecomplicated dies, certain of the four step corner flange formingoperations of Fig. 7'might be. combined in one or more operations.Likewise, the

local annealing step of Fig. 10 maybe repeated at a subsequent time orat a prior time, although it is probably necessary to perform the samesometime during the operations of forming the continuous inturned flange42.

Moreover, it is not intended to limit the present invention to themanufacture of a receptacle which is enamel coated, or which is notenamel coated; since the enamel coating may be provided if desired, andif it is provided, the character of the formed receptacle is such thatthe enamel coating may be readily applied.

Finally, in the foregoing description, certain terms have been used forbrevity, clearness and understanding; but no unnecessary limitations areto be implied therefrom beyond the requirements of the prior art,because such words are utilized for descriptive purposes herein and not7 for the purposes of limitations, and are intended to be broadlyconstrued.

Accordingly, the improved method provides not only an inexpensive way,but in so far as I am informed, the first and only way that has everbeen utilized for making a rectangular restricted opening receptaclewithout wasting material, .from a single blank of sheet metal, free ofcutting, slitting, notching, patching, seams or welds; and accomplishesthe objectives previously set forth herein.

I claim:

1.. The method of making a rectangular restricted opening receptaclewhich includes the steps of drawing a substantially rectangular shellfrom a sheet metal blank to form a bottom wall terminating in upwardlyextending substantially flat side and connecting rounded comer walls;then vertically stretching the substantially flat side but not therounded corner walls; and then forming a continuous inturned flange atthe upper edge of said side and corner walls by working the metal at andadjacent said upper edge between dies without notching, patching,seaming, or welding. said metal.

2. The method of making a rectangular restricted opening receptaclewhich includes the steps of drawing a substantially rectangular shellfrom a sheet metal blank to form a bottom wall from which substantiallyflat side and connecting rounded corner walls extend upward andterminate in an outturned flange; gripping said outturned flangeadjacent the substantially flat side then forming a continuous inturnedflange at the upper edge of said side and corner walls by working themetal at and adjacent said upper edge between dies without notching,patching, seaming, or welding said metal.

3. The method of making a rectangular restricted opening receptaclewhich includes the steps of drawing a substantially rectangular shellfrom a single sheet metalblank to format bottom I wall terminating inupwardly extending substantially flat side and connecting rounded cornerwalls; then forming a continuous inturned flange at the upper edge ofsaid side and cornerjwalls .without notching, patching, seaming, orwelding the metal in said walls by working the metal between dies inareas at the upper ends of the side and corner walls at and adjacent tothe connecting rounded corners to form inturned corner flanged areasthereat, and by reworking portions of the corner flanged areas andworking the metal between dies in the areas at the upper ends .of theside walls;: and then pressing the formed shell to square, size and truethe same.

4. The method of making a rectangular restricted opening receptaclecomprising the steps of deep drawing a substantially rectangular shellfrom a sheet metal blank to form a bottom wall terminating in upwardlyextending substantially flat side and connecting rounded'corner walls;

annealing the 'deep' drawn shell; stretching the flat sides between, butnot the rounded corners of,

the deep drawn shell, and re-forming the bottom wall of the shell to thedesired shape; punching f, and piercing the walls to provide the desiredopenings and holes therein; trimming off the outwardly projecting flangeformed during said deep but not the rounded corner walls, and pressingdrawing operation; working the'metal at and adjacent the upper edge ofthe trimmed shell at each corner to provide an inturned flanged areathereat; locally annealing theshell at and adjacent the upper edges andformed inturned corner areas thereof; working the metal at and adjacentthe edges above the flat sides thereof and between the formed inturnedcomer flanged areas to provide inturned flanged areas extending betweenthe inturned cornerflanged areas; trimming excess metal from the innerfree edge ofv the continuous inturned flange; and pressing the blank tosquare, true and size the same to, produce a receptacle free of cutting,slitting, notching,

patching, seams or welds. V 5. The method of making a rectangularrestricted. opening receptacle comprising the steps fof deep drawing asubstantially rectangular shell 7 from a sheet metal blank to forma'bott'om wall terminating in' upwardly extending substantially flatside and connecting rounded corner walls;

annealing the deep drawn shell; stretching the flat sides between, butnot the ounded corners of,'the deep drawn shell, and reorming the bottomwall of the shell to the desired shape; punching and piercing the wallsto provide the desired openings and holes therein; trimming off theoutwardly projecting flange formed during said deep drawing operation;working the metal at and adjacent the upper edge 'of the trimmed shellat each 7 comer to provide an inturned flanged area there.- at; locallyannealing the shell at and adjacent the upper edges and formed inturnedcomer areas thereof; working the metal at and adjacent the edges abovethe flat sides'thereof and between the formed inturned corner flangedareas to provide inturned flanged areas extending between theinturnedcorner flanged areas; trimming exceSs metal from the inner free edge ofthe con- 6 ,tinuousintumed flange; working the metal in 7 the continuousinturned flange to change the shape thereof; and pressing the blank tosquare,

true and size the same to produce a receptacle 7 free of cutting,slitting, notching,'patching, seams or welds.

6. In a method of making a relatively deep, rectangular, restrictedopening receptacle from a single sheet metal blank; the steps of deepdrawingsaid blank to form a substantially rectangular relatively deepreceptacle shell having a bottom wall terminating in integral upwardlyextending substantially flat side and connecting rounded corner walls;and thereafter displacing and rearranging the metal areas in the upperstretching and bending the metal between dies in areas at the upper endsof the sideand corner walls at I and adjacent j to said connectingrounded corners to form inturned corner flanged areas thereat, and byreworking portions of the asses-t7 stantial width running continuouslyaround the upper end of -the receptacle by cold working, pressing,drawing, forming, shaping, upsetting,

stretching and bending the metal between dies in areas at the upper endsof the side and. corner walls at and adjacent to said connecting roundedcorners to form inturned corner flanged areas thereat, and by reworkingportions of the worked inturned corner flanged areas and working,pressing, drawing, forming, shaping and bending'the metal between diesin areas at the upper ends of the side walls to complete the formationof said continuous inturned flange;

and then working the metal in the continuous inturned flange to changethe shape thereof.

8. In a method of making a relatively deep,

rectangular, restricted opening receptacle from a single sheet metalblank; the steps of deep drawing said blank to form a substantiallyrectangular relatively deep receptacle shell having a bottom wallterminating in integral upwardly extending substantially flat side andconnecting worked inturned corner flanged areas andlworking, pressing,drawing, forming, shaping and bending the metal between dies in areas atthe upper ends of theside walls; to complete the formation of saidcontinuous inturned flange.

7. In, a method of making a relatively deep,

rectangular, restricted opening receptacle from a single sheet'metalblank; the steps of deep drawing said blank to form a substantiallyrectangular relatively deep receptacle shell "having a bottom wallterminating in integral upwardly extending substantially flat side andconnecting rounded corner walls; and thereafter displacing andrearranging the metal areas in the upper ends of the side and cornerwalls of said shell without notching, patching, seaming or welding saidmetal to form an inturned flange of subrounded corner walls; andthereafter displacing and rearranging the metal areas in the upper endsof the side and corner walls of said shell without notching,'patching,'seaming or welding said metal to form an inturned flange of substantialwidth running continuously around the upper end of the receptacle bycold working, pressing, drawing, forming, shaping, upsetting,

stretching and bending the metal between dies in areas at the upper endsof the side and corner walls at and adjacent to said connecting rounded'-corners to form inturned corner flanged areas thereat, and -;byreworking portions of the worked inturned corner flanged areas andworking, pressing, drawing, forming, shaping and bending the metalbetween dies in areas at the upper ends of the side walls to completethe formation of said continuous inturned flange; and then applying avitreous enamel coating on the surfaces of thereceptacle.

' JOHN H. GONDA.

